SMART MATERTECH
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    • Shape memory alloys >
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        • Heating-responsive >
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            • Body/room temperature programmable
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            • Body/room temperature programmable
          • Tailoring Tg of polymers via alloying
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          • Body-temperature programmable elastic shape memory materials: a brief history
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          • Cooling-responsive shape memory materials: a brief history
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        • Electrospinning: fundametals
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        • Water-responsive SME: a brief history
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      • Shape memory hybrids: a brief history
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    • Intro. & Refs. >
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    • DIY SMP screw 自制形状记忆螺丝
    • DIY shape memory foam 自制形状记忆海绵
    • DIY shape memory shoes 自制形状记忆鞋
    • Modifying superelastic Nitinol 超弹镍钛记忆合金改性
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    • Biomedical applications 生物医疗应用 >
      • Self-tightening band aid 自收缩创可贴
      • Self-tightening staple 自收缩手术钉
      • Shape memory plug 形状记忆栓塞
      • Artificial blood vessels
      • Comfort fitting 舒适贴合 >
        • Shape memory shoes 形状记忆鞋
        • Wrist rings/rings
        • Mask口罩 >
          • DIY口罩扣松紧器
          • Mask holder 口罩支架
          • Improved fitting
          • Comfort fitting "invisible" mask 舒适贴合“隐形”口罩 >
            • Animation (mask)
        • Facial mask (面膜)
      • Retractable 可收回
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    • SMA devices 形状记忆合金器件 >
      • Buttons-on-demand 按需按钮
      • Sunlight activated heat engine 阳光驱动的热机
      • Adjustable high heel 可调高跟鞋
      • SMA inchworm 形状记忆合金驱动的竹节虫
      • Rolling car 滚动车
      • SMA springs
      • Gripper
    • SMP applications >
      • 4D latte art 4D 拉花 >
        • Spinning 4D latte art
      • Re-writable Braille paper 可复写盲文纸
      • Surface patterning
      • 2D to 3D switching
      • Ear impression/plugs
    • Metals/polymers >
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      • Powerless cooling
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      • New ways of additive manufacturing (animation)
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          • Instability in wetting of hydrogel
          • Electroactive gel电活性凝胶
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        • Tan delta >
          • Re-programmable Tan delta
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        • Structural coloring atop curved surfaces
        • Thermochromic 热致变色
        • Photochromic 光致变色
        • Stress induced color change力致变色 >
          • Patterned coloring via stretching 拉出色彩
      • Moire interference 莫尔干涉
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          • 3D printing of bistable structures
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          • Normalized yield surface via GPU
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      • Interesting >
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  • Contact
    • SMM course
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    • References

Powerless cooling
(passive cooling via surface treatment)

(FYP) Chen YY

Thermoplastic, body-temperature programmable,
elastic shape memory polymer

Circulated area (triangle): surface flattened
Picture

(FYP) Issac Phyoe
Picture

(FYP) M Akid D B M
Picture
Picture
Picture

(FYP) T Chan
Picture

​Passive Daytime Radiative Cooling: From Sole Function to Multifunctionality

IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics ( Volume: 31, Issue: 6: Photon. for Climate Chng. Mitigation and Adapt., Nov.-Dec. 2025)
​被动日间辐射冷却:从单一功能到多功能
​此综述中探讨了 PDRC 材料、结构和系统从单一功能到多功能设计的演变,强调了它们实现高太阳反射率和高热发射率以实现最佳冷却性能的潜力。重点介绍了具有自清洁、防火、可切换和蒸发耦合特性的多功能 PDRC 材料或系统。本文还讨论了推进PDRC材料发展过程中面临的挑战和机遇,以促进这种可持续冷却技术的大规模生产和应用。
​Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC), simultaneously reflecting sunlight and emitting infrared radiation heat to the cold outer, offers a promising alternative to traditional mechanical-based cooling in current electricity-intensive world. The continuously upgraded functional PDRC materials have further promoted the application of radiation cooling technology in real-world applications. This review explores the design evolution of PDRC materials, structures, and systems from sole-function to multifunctional designs, emphasizing their potential to achieve both high solar reflectance and strong thermal emittance for optimal cooling performance. Among them, multifunctional PDRC materials or systems with self-cleaning, fire-resistant, switchable, and evaporated-coupled characteristics are presented. Future challenges and opportunities for advancing PDRC materials are also discussed, aiming to guide the development of scalable solutions that can facilitate the large-scale production and application of this sustainable cooling technology.

Homemade Machine Turns Bioplastics Into Cooling Fabric

​在阳光下保持凉爽—--高反射率陶瓷
Refs:
X. Zhao et al., Science 382, 684 (2023).

K. Lin et al., Science 382, 691 (2023).

冷却玻璃基陶瓷涂层制备工艺

用于制造的低熔点玻璃微粒(P2O5-Al2O3-Na2O-K2O-B2O3-SiO2),颗粒直径为2–15 µm(平均粒径为6.3 µm),密度为2.56 g/cm3,软化温度约为350°C,以及高纯度α-Al2O3颗粒(纯度99.99%),尺寸约为0.3–1.0 µm(平均约0.5 µm)。
​
使用乙醇(> 97%)制备用于涂层的浆料。尺寸为15 cm × 15 cm的方形陶瓷地板和墙壁瓷砖,以及尺寸为5 cm × 5 cm的透明浮法玻璃被用作基材。

低熔点玻璃颗粒和Al2O3颗粒以不同的质量比(例如1:1)混合,然后将混合颗粒分散在乙醇中,浓度为0.75 g/ml,以制备用于刷涂、喷涂或刮涂的均匀浆料。

在陶瓷砖上以约550 µm的厚度施加浆料后,将涂层在通风橱中空气干燥约3分钟,以完全蒸发乙醇。随后,将干燥的涂层在马弗炉中加热至600°C,历时不超过1分钟(升温速率约为40°C/分钟)。注意,浆料中不包含任何粘合剂,因此最大可实现的涂层厚度为约350 µm,超过此厚度容易出现裂纹。

在每个循环中,沉积厚度是可调节的,范围为50到350 µm,具体取决于浆料的浓度和使用量。对于50 wt.%的Al2O3,需两次涂层循环才能在500 µm厚度下达到>0.95的太阳反射率,而对于60 wt.%或70 wt.%的Al2O3,单次刷涂即可在约300 µm的厚度下实现相同的反射率。
冷却分层结构陶瓷制备工艺
氧化铝粉末和聚醚砜(PES)在烘箱中干燥过夜以去除水分。PES溶解在N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)中,并用磁力搅拌器搅拌,直到获得均匀透明的溶胶。然后将α-氧化铝粉末添加到溶胶中,并用机械搅拌器搅拌,直到颗粒均匀分散且无明显团聚。然后在缓慢搅拌下对悬浮液进行脱气。将制备好的悬浮液铸在平板基材上,然后浸入乙醇中24小时以完成相转变工艺。


通过使用刮涂机在铸造过程中制备了不同厚度的样品。在室温下将固化的陶瓷前体干燥24小时。在烧结之前将前体切割成所需的形状。烧结过程在加热炉中进行,温度从室温缓慢上升到超过1000°C,以5°C/分钟的速率升温,然后在高温下保持3小时,然后缓慢降温至室温。炉膛的空气供给速率被控制在200 mL/min,以确保烧结过程中PES完全燃烧。

​烧结后,得到一种白色冷却陶瓷。冷却陶瓷的大规模生产可以更具成本效益,与商用瓷砖的成本相当。用于冷却陶瓷制造的所有材料都广泛可得。值得注意的是,基于相转变的陶瓷制备过程具有通用性,可能用于获得具有不同无机材料(如
SiO2、BaTiO3和MgO)的多种多孔结构。


​中国住宅建筑侧墙表面辐射制冷性能的现场测试与评估
​A field test and evaluation of radiative cooling performance as applied on the sidewall surfaces of residential buildings in China
​为了研究辐射制冷材料应用于建筑侧墙外表面的节能效果,本研究在中国浙江省一栋典型的分体式多层住宅建筑中进行。实地测试共259天,覆盖四个季节。对照组和实验组分别采用两种类型的房间(中间套和边套)。通过测量对照房间和实验房间墙体的热流,得到了辐射制冷材料的有效制冷功率。结果显示,两组中间套的平均制冷功率分别为0.8 W/m²和1.0 W/m²,边套的平均制冷功率为1.0 W/m²。使用EnergyPlus软件开发了住宅建筑的模型。通过“其他设备”模块将测得的辐射制冷有效功率输入模型中,解决了因辐射制冷材料在不同角度下的光谱选择性导致的节能效果预测偏差问题。在与实测结果验证后,利用该模型评估了辐射制冷侧墙的节能性能。结果表明,在中国“夏热冬冷”地区,与传统侧墙相比,住宅建筑采用辐射制冷侧墙时,其制冷季节(5月至10月)的节能率达1.5%。
​具有温度自适应辐射冷却功能的全天候节能相变泡沫
​Jiang W, Zhu T, Chen J, et al. Phase change foam with temperature-adaptive radiative cooling feature for all-day building energy saving. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024:157862
​该材料采用具有高红外透明窗口(MIR, 8 ~ 13μm)发射率的聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)作为柔性衬底,选择具有高太阳后向散射效率的氮化硼(BN)纳米片作为光学填料,用于构建太阳反射网络。 采用直径约200 ~ 300 μm的蔗糖微球作为牺牲模板,制备了多孔PDMS@BN泡沫作为RCM,以实现太阳光的漫反射。
​一种用辐射制冷的可穿戴织物
​Radiative Cooling Meta-Fabric Integrated with Knitting Perspiration-Wicking and Coating Heat Conduction
​Radiative cooling is an emerging zero-energy-consumption technology for human body cooling in outdoor scenarios during hot seasons. However, existing radiative cooling textiles are limited by low intrinsic cooling power, high hydrophobicity, and heat-insulating properties, which seriously impede a satisfying cooling effect, perspiration-wicking, and heat dissipation, thus limiting human thermal comfort in practical situations. Here, we developed a radiative cooling meta-fabric that was integrated with high perspiration-wicking and thermal conduction capacity. The meta-fabric included a polyoxymethylene (POM) nanotextile on the front side as a selective radiative emitter, a skin-friendly silicone on the reverse side as a thermal conductor, and patterned bamboo yarns (a cellulose fiber derived from bamboo with excellent hydrophilicity) as the water transport channels. As a result, the meta-fabric could rapidly wick away perspiration (within seconds) and had a high thermal conductivity of 1.5 W/(m·K), exhibiting high-performance human body cooling with a temperature of 10.9 °C lower than the meta-fabric without perspiration. Besides, even without perspiration, the meta-fabric still exhibited a temperature of 9.6 °C lower than commercial cotton fabrics. The work provides an alternative method to design smart textiles for personal thermal management in real applications.
​用于局部散热的导热辐射冷却膜
​Thermal conductive radiative cooling film for local heat dissipation
​空心微球增强辐射冷却涂层—--构建高效节能建筑的新材料
​Bu, Y., et al. "Hollow Core-Shell Particle-Containing Coating for Passive Daytime Radiative Cooling." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 158 (2022): 106949.
​被动辐射冷却,最新AM!
​超材料织物—--防晒降温的革新奇迹
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  • HOME
  • SHAPE MEMORY MATERIALS/TECHNOLOGY
    • Shape memory alloys >
      • Shape memory alloy actuators
      • Grains and deformation
      • SMA suppliers
    • Shape memory polymers >
      • Thermo-responsive >
        • Heating-responsive >
          • Thermo-plastic elastic SMP >
            • Body/room temperature programmable
          • Thermoset elastic SMP >
            • Body/room temperature programmable
          • Tailoring Tg of polymers via alloying
          • Vitrimer
          • 3D printing filaments
          • Show time
          • Body-temperature programmable elastic shape memory materials: a brief history
        • Cooling-responsive >
          • Cooling-responsive shape memory materials: a brief history
      • Chemo-responsive >
        • Electrospinning: fundametals
        • Natural biopolymers
        • Water-responsive SME: a brief history
      • Hydrogel
      • Simulation of SMP
    • Shape memory hybrids >
      • Electro-activated shape memory hybrid
      • SMHs: tailorable properties
      • Shape memory hybrids: a brief history
    • Triple/multiple SME
    • Reversible/shape change effect
    • Programming conditions
    • Temperature memory effect in DSC
    • Buckling 失稳
    • Constrained recovery of 2way EVA
    • Shape memory structures
    • Shape memory composites
    • Intro. & Refs. >
      • SME in commercial polymers
      • SMM introduction videos
      • PMMA (acrylic)
  • DIY
    • Laser engraving and beyond
    • DIY (step-by-step) to protect power charge cable 自制充电线接头保护层
    • DIY SMP screw 自制形状记忆螺丝
    • DIY shape memory foam 自制形状记忆海绵
    • DIY shape memory shoes 自制形状记忆鞋
    • Modifying superelastic Nitinol 超弹镍钛记忆合金改性
    • Goggles
    • Temple Tip Retainers /眼镜防滑钩
    • Nose pads
    • 硅胶+TPU样品制作 搅拌流程
    • Unlock smart phones
  • PROJECTS
    • Biomedical applications 生物医疗应用 >
      • Self-tightening band aid 自收缩创可贴
      • Self-tightening staple 自收缩手术钉
      • Shape memory plug 形状记忆栓塞
      • Artificial blood vessels
      • Comfort fitting 舒适贴合 >
        • Shape memory shoes 形状记忆鞋
        • Wrist rings/rings
        • Mask口罩 >
          • DIY口罩扣松紧器
          • Mask holder 口罩支架
          • Improved fitting
          • Comfort fitting "invisible" mask 舒适贴合“隐形”口罩 >
            • Animation (mask)
        • Facial mask (面膜)
      • Retractable 可收回
      • Wrinkle removal 除皱
    • SMA devices 形状记忆合金器件 >
      • Buttons-on-demand 按需按钮
      • Sunlight activated heat engine 阳光驱动的热机
      • Adjustable high heel 可调高跟鞋
      • SMA inchworm 形状记忆合金驱动的竹节虫
      • Rolling car 滚动车
      • SMA springs
      • Gripper
    • SMP applications >
      • 4D latte art 4D 拉花 >
        • Spinning 4D latte art
      • Re-writable Braille paper 可复写盲文纸
      • Surface patterning
      • 2D to 3D switching
      • Ear impression/plugs
    • Metals/polymers >
      • Smart manufacturing
      • Powerless cooling
      • Self-healing
      • Sensors 传感器 >
        • Temperature sensors 温度标签
        • Anti-counterfeit labels 防伪标签
      • Vertical gardening 垂直绿化 >
        • 盆景 >
          • In Singapore
        • Products 产品 >
          • Event sponsorship
        • Projects 项目 >
          • A project in Guangzhou (2022)
          • 2nd Project in Guangzhou
          • 3rd Project in Singapore
        • Water on-demand irrigation system
        • Vertical greening panel (2nd type)
        • 2nd type of foam
      • Wearable electronics 可穿戴电子设备
      • Controlled folding/unfolding 可控展开/折叠 >
        • Folding (multiple layered)
        • Reshape & reprogram
      • Active disassembly 自拆卸
      • Morphing wing 变翼
      • Magnetic circuit design
    • Solid state UV cross-linking >
      • Solid-state heating cross-linking
    • Additive manufacturing增材制造 >
      • 3D/4D printing 打印
      • Rapid 3D printing in solid state 快速固态3D打印 >
        • Rapid volumetric additive manufacturing in solid-state: hydrogels
        • UV cross-linkable vitrimer 2022
        • UV cross-linking of solid material
        • UV cross-linking machine
        • Solid-state VAM (3D)
        • SVAM: A brief history
        • Review of Solid state VAM by AI
      • New ways of additive manufacturing (animation)
      • UV-FDM printer
      • Cooling-responsive shape memory hydrogel via FDM
      • 3D fashion >
        • Formation of 3D structures
    • Shape capture
    • Surface capture >
      • Surface pattern for structural coloring
  • Store room
    • References/tools >
      • 3D models >
        • More STL models
        • 生肖
        • 3D printing service
      • Sample dimensions for tensile test
      • Temperature calibration
      • Toolbox工具箱
      • Toolbox II (工具箱 II)
    • Jungle >
      • About polymers >
        • Thermally reversible solid-liquid transition
        • Cyclic loading
        • Mullins effect
        • Photoelsticity 光弹
        • Shear-thickening 剪切增强 >
          • 4 CNA
        • Closed to open cell foams
        • Laser induced graphene
        • Electrospinning
        • Nano imprinting
        • Gel 凝胶 >
          • Instability in wetting of hydrogel
          • Electroactive gel电活性凝胶
        • Cellulose 纤维素
        • Plastic bottle 塑料瓶
        • Polymer recycling
        • Rapid swelling 快速溶胀
        • Rapid hardening in water
        • Patterns
        • Brittle-ductile transition
        • Tan delta >
          • Re-programmable Tan delta
        • UV cross-linking
        • Hardening speed
      • Coloring 变色 >
        • Structural coloring atop curved surfaces
        • Thermochromic 热致变色
        • Photochromic 光致变色
        • Stress induced color change力致变色 >
          • Patterned coloring via stretching 拉出色彩
      • Moire interference 莫尔干涉
      • Lenticular lens
      • Transformation front
      • Contact angle vs surface pattern
      • Laser: applications
      • Insects 昆虫
      • Structural engineer >
        • Static and Dynamic Balancing
        • Introduction videos
        • Bistable structures: a case study >
          • 3D printing of bistable structures
          • Step-wise morphing
        • Yield criterion >
          • Normalized yield surface via GPU
          • Yield surface of SMAs and beyond
        • Buckling of embedded threads
        • Buckling of embedded strip
        • Buckling of strip atop soft substrate
        • Foam structures for packaging
      • Interesting >
        • Exhibition
        • Ideas
      • Experimental >
        • Tensile test
        • Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) Procedure
        • Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) Procedure
        • Shape Memory Performance Characterization Procedure for Shape Memory Polymers
      • ChatGPT 4 fun
      • 智谱测试
  • Contact
    • SMM course
    • Representative publications
    • Projects of undergraduate students
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